ZWIILA ZWA MATSHILISANO KHA TSHIVENḒA

Musalauno a hu tshe na tshi no ila,zwiḓanamuno zwo zwizwiedza vhuvha hashu sa Vhavenḓa. Ri vho tshila tshikhuwa, ro livhala vhubvo hashu na zwine zwa ri ita uri ri ṱaluswe sa Vhavenḓa. Zwiito izwi zwi na masiandoitwa a si avhuḓi kha matshilisano a Tshivenḓa, zwo ralo na kha dziṅwe tshaka kha shango nga u angaredza.

Zwiila ndi mikhwa ya mvelele ya u iledza kana u fhungudza nḓila ya u ita zwithu zwi songo tendelwaho kha tshithu tshenetsho kana kha vhathu vhenevho. Vhavenḓa na vhone vha na zwiila zwavho zwa ndeme zwa matshilisano naho musalauno vhunzhi ha Vhavenḓa vha sa tsha tou zwi dzhiela nṱha nga u shaya nḓivho. Proctor (1977) u ṱalutshedza uri zwiila ndi nḓila ya u tinya kana u hanedza nyito kana maipfi vhukati ha zwigwada zwo fhambanaho tsha vhathu kana maipfi a u hanedza nyito kha zwa vhutendi kana vhuḓifhinduleli ha matshilisano.^[1]

Ndi zwa ndeme u amba uri zwiila zwi bva kha ipfi ḽa Tongan ḽi ambaho uri ndayo ya u hanedza u ita tshithu. Fromkin na Rodman (2007) na vhone vha amba ḽithihi ḽa uri zwiila ndi nḓila ya u hanedza zwithu.^[2]Captain James Cook ndi muṅwe we a hadzima ipfi ḽa tshiila u bva kha Tongan u ya kha Tshiisimani nga 1769.^[3] O bvisela mbuno nnḓa ya uri iḽi ipfi ḽa tshiila ḽi na maanḓa a pfalaho a u amba uri tshithu itsho tshi songo itiwa kana tshi songo pfukhwa.

Ipfi zwiila ḽi bva kha ipfi ḽa Tongan ḽi ambaho uri ndayo ya u hanedza u ita tshithu. Fromkin na Rodman (2007) na vhone vha amba ḽithihi ḽa uri zwiila ndi nḓila ya u hanedza zwithu.^[2] Zwiila zwi na maanḓa kha matshilisano nga u iledzwa ha zwithu kha vhathu na mvelele.

VHUḒI HA ZWIILA ZWA MATSHILISANO.

Vhuḓi ha zwiila kha Vhavenḓa, ndi u iledza zwithu zwine zwa nga kwama mutakalo washu, kutshilele kwashu na vhuvha hashu sa Vhavenḓa. Cassie (1977) uri nḓila ya zwiila zwa matshilisano kha vhathu ndi yone nḓila nthihi ya u ṱavhanya u fhaṱa vhathu kha matshilele avhuḓi.^[4] Muṅwali afha kha muhumbulo uyu o vha a tshi khou ṱoḓa u sumbedza vhathu uri zwiila ndi zwa ndeme kha u ri fhaṱa uri ri kone u tshilisana na vhaṅwe nga riṋe.

KHAEDU I KWAMAHO ZWIILA ZWA MATSHILISAANO KHA TSHIVENḒA.

Hu na khaedu nnzhi dzi kwamaho maitele a zwiila zwa matshilisano kha Tshivenḓa. Vhabebi vha kundelwa u dzula na vhana vhavho fhasi vha vha vhudza nga ha zwiila zwi kwamaho vhutshilo havho kha nzulele dzo fhambanaho na u vha tsivhudza uri arali zwo ralo vha tea u itani. Thaidzo iṅwe ri i wana musi vhaswa musalauno vha tshi ṱoḓa u tenda nga u vhona, ngauri vha pfa u nga vha ḓivha zwoṱhe vhone vho ya tshikoloni. Vhaswa vha dovha hafhu vha ṱoḓa ṱhalutshedzo nnzhi musi vha tshi vhudziwa uri “zwi a ila”, vha mbo ḓi vhudzisa uri “zwi ila mini?”. Ri wana vhabebi vha tshi kundelwa u dodombedza uri zwi ila mini naho vha tshi ḓivha masiandoitwa a u sa ilela zwithu izwo. Zwiito izwo zwi sia vhaswa vhanzhi vha sa tevheli milayo ya zwiila zwa nga ngomu miḓini ine vha dzula khayo na zwiila zwi kwamaho mutakalo wavho.

ZWIILA ZWA MATSHILISANO.

Zwiila zwa matshilisano kha Tshivenḓa kana kha Vhavenḓa zwi kwamana na mufumakadzi o ḓihwalaho, lutendo lwa maitele a Tshivenḓa, lufu/mufu, zwiambaro, vhutshilo, tshifhinga, malwadze, mufumakadzi a maḓuvhani, mufumakadzi wa tshilikadzi, nḓuni na zwiṅwe zwinzhi. Zwiṅwe zwa zwiila khathihi na masiandoitwa a u sa zwi tevhedza ndi zwi tevhelaho;

1.Zwiila zwa matshilisano zwi kwamanaho na lufu/mufu.

Nga Tshivenḓa zwi a ila u shumisa thundu (goloi) kana u ḽa zwiḽiwa zwo liṅwaho/u kuvhanganyiwa nga mufu kana zwiambaro zwawe tshishika tshi sa athu u bva. Kha Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri arali tshishika tshi tshi bva vha vhidza vhomaine vha ḓa vha handulula thundu yoṱhe yo siwaho nga mufu hu u itela u bvisa tshirunzi kana murunzi wawe khazwo, na zwiambaro zwawe zwi a bviselwa nnḓa vhomaine vha zwi handulula vhathu vha mashaka vha kona u kovhekana zwone vha ya u ambara kana vha zwi fhisa. Kha zwiḽiwa u vha wo ḽa mafha. Blakely (1994) eṋe u ṱalutshedza uri zwithu zwa mufu a zwongo tea u shumiswa arali tshishika tshi sa athu bva, u na na u ḽa zwiḽiwa zwe a lima, tshidulo tshawe, goloi yawe a i tei u shumiswa u swikela hu tshi handululiwa.^[5]

2. Zwiila zwa matshilisano zwi kwamaho tshifhinga.

Nga Tshivenḓa zwi a ila u thoma tshithu nga ṅwedzi wa Ṱhangule. Kha Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri a hu pfulutsheliwi kha muḓi muswa kana muṅwe, a hu vheiwi muḓi na u thoma muraga. Nga Tshivenḓa vhafumakadzi a vha ngo tea u swiela na u tamba vhusiku zwi a ila. Kha Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri maḓuvha avho a u ṱamba a ḓo ḓa vhusiku. Ri dovha hafhu ra wana vhaswa vhashu vha tshi fhaṱulula miḓi nga u swiela musi ḓuvha ḽo kovhela. Nga Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri zwi a ila, ngauri vha ḓo vha vha tshi khou ita uri miḓini hu kone u dzhena vhathu vha u silinga.

3. Zwiila zwa matshilisano zwi kwamaho mufumakadzi o ḓihwalaho.

Nga Tshivenḓa mufumakadzi o ḓihwalaho ha onesi, ha fheletshedzi muthu a huma nḓilani zwi a ila. Kha Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri zwi a ila, ngauri u ḓo mbo ḓi huma nḓila. Mufumakadzi o ḓihwalaho ha imi nḓilani zwi a ila, ḓuvha ḽine ṅwana a ḓa ngaḽo u ima nḓilani. Nga Tshivenḓa mufumakadzi o ḓihwalaho hayi mbulungoni zwi a ila. Kha Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri ṅwedzi we muthu a lovha ngawo u ya sala fhedzi arali usa lafheliwa. Mufumakadzi o ḓihwalaha ha ḽi vhuswa ha muladza zwi a ila. Kha Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri ḓuvha ḽine a ḓo vhofholowa ngaḽo hu ḓo thoma ha bva malaṱwa ṅwana a sa athu bva.

4. Zwiila zwa matshilisano zwi kwamaho lutendo lwa maitele a Tshivenḓa.

Nga Tshivenḓa muthu ha dzuli tshiukhuvhani zwi a ila. Muthu ha lili khole zwi a ila, u vha a tshi khou ḓiṱulela zwithu zwi si zwavhuḓi. Muthu ha dzuli nṱha ha mutuli na tswia zwi a ila nga Tshivenḓa. Ndilo ya khotsi a i ḽeliwi khayo zwi a ila. Munna o ya ho muḽani ha ḽeli bodoni zwia ila.Muthu ha ḽi o tumba nga Tshivenḓa zwi a ila.

5. Zwiila zwi kwamaho zwiambaro.

Nga Tshivenḓa u shanda zwiambaro kana u ambara tshiambaro wo shanda zwi a ila. Kha Tshivenḓa vha tenda uri kha dzikhomba zwi shandukisa/rembulusa ṋowa yavho.

MUSHUMO WA ZWIILA

Zwiila zwi thusa uri vhathu vha kone u ḓivha u ilela nga ha ndeme ya zwiga zwa vhutshilo havho, u fana na maitele a Tshivenḓa kha zwithu, u ya maḓuvhani, u ḓihwala, vhudzadze na zwiṅwe-vho. Vhabebi kana vhalala vha tea u funza vhana nga zwiila na masiandoitwa ane a ḓo bvelela khavho musi vho pfuka izwi zwiila.

BUGUTSHUMISWA

↑ Proctor, P. 1977. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1 2 Fromkin, V. and Rodman, R. 2007. An Introduction to Language. New York: Brace College Publishers.
↑ Cook, S. 1973. Economic Antrhopology: Problems in Theory, Methods and Analysis in Honigmann. Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology.
↑ Cassie, E. 1977. An Essay on Man: Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture. London: Yale University Press.
↑ Blakely, T. 1994. Religion in Africa. London: James Currey.

[1] Proctor, P. 1977. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. New York: Cambridge University Press.

[:0-2] 1 2 Fromkin, V. and Rodman, R. 2007. An Introduction to Language. New York: Brace College Publishers.

[3] Cook, S. 1973. Economic Antrhopology: Problems in Theory, Methods and Analysis in Honigmann. Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology.

[4] Cassie, E. 1977. An Essay on Man: Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture. London: Yale University Press.

[5] Blakely, T. 1994. Religion in Africa. London: James Currey.

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